Alumna’s research shines light on excessive lead levels in city neighborhoods

Gian Carlo Baldonado — Mon, 04 Jul 2022 19:11:09 +0000

Alumna’s research shines light on excessive lead levels in city neighborhoods

Author: Kanaga Rajan

March 25, 2022

SF State alumna Chinomnso Okorie is using community-engaged research to fight health disparities in her hometown

The 2019 film “The Last Black Man in San Francisco” opens with a young Black girl happily skipping up to a man in a hazmat suit picking up garbage in the Bayview neighborhood. The image is more than just striking, says biomedical scientist Chinomnso Okorie (B.S., ’17; M.A., ’19), who was born in San Francisco and raised in Bayview. For her, it’s deeply meaningful.

Okorie is first author of a new paper in the International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health that investigates the relationship between environmental exposure to lead and preterm birth. Just like the movie scene, her paper highlights the very real social and health disparities experienced by Black communities in San Francisco.

“I think that movie really encompasses the purpose of this paper,” Okorie explained, noting that the film was released as she was graduating from San Francisco State University.

Before the government began to regulate lead content in the late 1980s, many cities like San Francisco used lead in gas, paint and water pipes. Some of these pipes are still present today, with federal Superfund sites devoted to cleaning contaminated areas often located near low-income areas like Bayview-Hunters Point. Low-income and minority communities also experience more preterm births, with African American/Black mothers nearly three times more likely to have premature infants compared with white mothers.

These trends didn’t sit right with Okorie, an SF Build scholar in Professor of Biology Leticia Márquez-Magaña’s lab at the time. But Okorie knew that to effectively study these problems, she’d have to account for — and challenge — health disparities and inequities.

“Because of the past, what we’ve done as scientists [to people of color] cannot be undone. It’s written in history. We made a mistake and we have to gain people’s trust again,” Okorie said.

Keeping that troubling history in mind, Okorie was thoughtful and collaborative with her study design, emphasizing open communication with community members and noninvasive approaches for sample collection. This led her to some surprising partners: hair salons and barbershops. These are safe spaces for many communities, she explained. Hair was a good conduit because it’s a less invasive source and stores metals like lead. However, hair is deeply personal and meaningful for many people, so transparency was important.

“We were trying to create a safe space where we talked about what was going on in our community,” she said. “The dialogue, the back and forth before we even got to collecting the samples, [is critical]. Because ultimately, we were doing the science for them.”

Seventy-two randomly selected hair salons and barbershops across 19 racially diverse San Francisco zip codes donated 109 hair samples to Okorie’s study. She found lead in every sample, with the highest exposure found in southeast San Francisco, a region that includes Bayview. These same areas have large African American/Black populations and high preterm birth rates.

The findings were not necessarily surprising to Okorie or to others in the community.

“I heard a lot of stories, a lot of people that knew somebody who experienced preterm birth, or who was a premie, and you start to see them pile up,” she explained.

These findings highlight the need for more translational research with community engagement to begin to tackle health disparities. Developing and using less- or noninvasive approaches for sample collection is important because it could help improve community participation. Though Okorie focused on lead exposure, there are other stressors that can compromise health, such as lack of food and water and housing insecurity.

Okorie is now several years out of school, working as a data scientist at the University of San Francisco, but the work she started at San Francisco State is still not done. She has larger goals of understanding how lead affects the placenta during pregnancy and examining genetic-level changes. Outside of the lab, Okorie is involved in several community projects. One of her favorites is the pregnancy popup in Bayview that provides women with services related to pregnancy and family. Another is serving the Bayview community through Umoja Health, providing free COVID-19 testing and vaccinations.

Her research, her career trajectory, her Bayview community, even the chance timing of “The Last Black Man in San Francisco” — they are all connected, Okorie says. After graduating, she has also reflected a lot about how to take care of herself as a Black woman.

“It’s funny because I’m here stressing about how other people in my community are stressed and at risk for chronic diseases and again, it’s just another added stressor,” she says. “We need to unlearn this learned behavior.”

Represent in Science: SF BUILD Celebrates First Alumni PhD and Former Co-Director Turned Dean

Gian Carlo Baldonado — Mon, 04 Jul 2022 19:02:17 +0000

Represent in Science: SF BUILD Celebrates First Alumni PhD and Former Co-Director Turned Dean

Author: Leticia Márquez-Magaña, PhD

April 30, 2022

Former SF BUILD leader Teaster Baird, Jr., PhD, is new associate dean

Former San Francisco State University BUILD co-lead Teaster Baird, Jr., PhD, was announced the new Associate Dean of the College of Science and Engineering. Baird was a cornerstone member of the faculty team that prepared the original SF BUILD grant application, and was instrumental in its launch as Co-Leader of the Student Training Core. In this role, he used his decades of experience with federally funded student training programs as both a trainee and a leader of the NIH MARC, NIH Bridges, LSAMP programs at SF State to change practices. Instead of focusing on student deficits, Professor Baird developed practices for affirming student assets and for working with research mentors to recognize and address bias.

Baird credits SF BUILD for motivating his route to becoming an Associate Dean.

“SF BUILD played a huge role in my decision to go this route,” Baird said. “[The project] made me believe that institutional change can actually happen.”

He aims to continue his institutional transformation efforts, which includes service as a diversity, equity and inclusion facilitator and leader for faculty affairs, as well as several university and academic senate committees.

Juan Castillo, PhD, becomes first SF BUILD Scholar to earn doctoral degree

SF BUILD alumnus Juan Castillo, PhD, graduated with his doctoral degree in Analytical Chemistry from the University of California, Davis (UCD) in late 2021. He is the first SF BUILD scholar to earn a PhD and credits his success in science to the community of peers and mentors he gained as a member of its inaugural cohort.

While in BUILD, he developed resistance to stereotype threat and nurtured his “giving back” values. As an undergraduate at SF State, Castillo tutored other students in chemistry and as a graduate student at the University of California, Davis, he participated on panels as an authentic role model for other historically underrepresented students in science. In the last year of his doctoral program Castillo shared his story in a video feature created by SF BUILD.

“SF BUILD has helped me out in general [and] gave me a lot of support and mentorship,” Castillo said in the video feature. “That’s what I really needed. A lot of community members have a whole bunch of talent and I think what they need is mentorship and exposure to all these wonderful opportunities.”

With his doctoral degree in hand, Castillo will continue his journey as a research scientist on the analytical operations team at Gilead Sciences, where he will be working on small molecule therapeutics for people with life-threatening diseases.